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Grades 2–5Science30–45 minutes

Phases of the Moon

Students use a lamp and a ball to model the phases of the Moon, learning why we see different shapes throughout the month. They keep a Moon journal to track real observations over two weeks.

Learning Objectives

  • Name and identify the eight phases of the Moon.
  • Explain why the Moon appears to change shape.
  • Record and interpret real lunar observations.

Activities

Model demonstration

15 min

In a darkened room, hold the ball at arm's length while slowly turning. The lamp (Sun) illuminates different portions as you rotate, showing how phases work.

Label the phases

10 min

Students complete the Moon phase diagram, labeling new moon, crescent, quarter, gibbous, and full moon.

Moon journal launch

10 min

Explain the two-week Moon journal homework: observe the Moon each clear night, sketch what you see, and label the phase.

Assessment

Completed Moon journal with at least 8 observations and correct phase labels.